拥有许多费用是拥有小型企业的必然部分。但是,您还需要能够产生足够的钱来支付这些费用。要确定您是否可以还清短期债务,您需要了解营运资金。
什么是营运资金?
营运资金向您展示从当前资产中减去当前负债后剩下的。它衡量您的企业是否可以履行即时财务义务。
Current liabilitiesare debts you must pay off within 12 months.负债are amounts you owe, like loans oraccounts payable。
当前资产是可在12个月内轻松转换为现金的现金或其他资产。Assetsare valuable items that can be either intangible (e.g., a trademark) or tangible (e.g., a business car).
您可以在业务上找到流动负债和流动资产资产负债表。
您必须经常管理您的小型企业营运资金,以便知道在哪里改变业务。通过营运资本管理,您可以不断监控当前资产和当前负债。
什么是净营运资金?
Working capital is the same as net working capital. However, there is a difference between gross working capital vs. net working capital.
总营运资金只是您的总资产。它不考虑当前负债。与净营运资金不同,总营运资金并未向您显示企业偿还债务的能力。
计算营运资金
You need to know how to calculate working capital if you want to measure your business’s financial health. What is included in working capital?
营运资本公式
这是您需要了解的计算营运资金的公式:
营运资金=流动资产 - 流动负债
您的营运资金可以是正数或负数。负数表明您没有足够的流动资产来偿还流动负债。一个正数字表明,您有足够的流动资产来支付流动负债。
通过使用净营运资本公式,您可以看到流动资产和流动负债之间的差异。这样,您知道您必须使用多少剩余的钱来支付其他意外费用。
营运资金公式的示例
Let’s look at an example of positive working capital and negative working capital.
积极的营运资金
您有10,000美元的流动资产和5,000美元的流动负债。您的公式看起来像这样:
$ 10,000 - $ 5,000 = $ 5,000
You have positive working capital, showing that you have more current assets than current liabilities. You can use the leftover money to invest in your business.
负营运资金
现在,假设您有5,000美元的流动资产和10,000美元的流动负债。您的公式看起来像这样:
$ 5,000 - $ 10,000 = - $ 5,000
You have negative working capital. You do not have enough money to pay your current liabilities, which could slow your business down.
营运资本比率
The working capital ratio is also known as the current ratio. Working capital ratio measures both your ability to pay short-term and long-term obligations. Unlike the working capital formula, the ratio shows you the proportion of assets to liabilities. Here is the current, or working capital, ratio:
流动比率=流动资产 /流动负债
您的答案将以十进制形式。1.0以下的任何事情意味着您无法履行财务义务。如果您有1.0或以上,则有足够的流动资产来支付流动负债。
Though you want your working capital ratio to be a 1.0 or more, you don’t want it to be above a 2.0. This can indicate that you are not investing assets.
营运资本比率的示例
这个业务比率can indicate a lot about your商业债务管理。Take a look at an example of a healthy current ratio and an unhealthy current ratio.
健康电流比率
您的流动资产为$ 1000,流动负债为700美元。这是您当前比率的外观:
$1000 / $700 = 1.4
由于您的当前比率在1.0至2.0之间,因此您的资产比负债更多。但是,您没有太多的过多资产,这也很好。
电流比率不健康
You have $700 in current assets and $1,000 in current liabilities. Your current ratio would be:
$ 700 / $ 1000 = 0.7
因为你目前的类风湿性关节炎tio is below 1.0, you don’t have enough in current assets to meet your current liabilities.
How to obtain working capital
您知道您需要营运资金来履行财务义务并使您的业务维持生计。但是,您如何获得营运资金?
如果您的当前资产不超过当前负债,则需要更多的营运资金。您有一些选择:
- Revolving lines of credit (e.g., credit cards)
- 债务融资(贷款)
- 股权(投资者)
您也可以再融资。再融资是当您拿出新贷款以支付旧债务时。新贷款具有更好的条款和费率,因此更容易偿还。承担债务来偿还债务可能会有所帮助,但它也可能使您进入更多的热水中,因此首先进行研究。
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本文已从2015年6月30日的原始发布日期更新。
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