When you become an employer, you can’t always play by your own rules. There are certain federal, as well as state and local, standards you must follow. The FLSA is one set of federal regulations you need to know about and comply with. What is the FLSA?
What is the FLSA?
The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) protects employee rights by establishing the minimum wage, overtime, andchild labor laws。It was enacted by Congress in 1938 and has been amended frequently to stay current. Essentially, the FLSA is a rulebook that covers how employers must properly and fairly treat employees.
Who enforces FLSA? The美国劳工部(DOL) enforces the Fair Labor Standards Act.
作为雇主，您必须了解FLSA法规。FLSA规则会影响工资单处理和记录保留。如果您不遵守公平劳动标准法案，您将受到惩罚。
What does the FLSA do?
FLSA维持并执正就业法。这是一个深入看看FLSA的表现。
1.最低工资
The FLSA sets a federal minimum wage, which is the lowest amount you can pay an employee per hour. Currently, the federal minimum wage is $7.25 per hour.
Many states and localities also have minimum wage laws. You must pay employees the highest amount between the applicable federal, state, and localminimum wages。
为了遵守FLSA最低工资法，至少支付员工至少联邦最低工资。如果您的州或地区的最低工资比联邦更高，请支付最高的最低工资。
例如，加利福尼亚州的最低工资为2022年雇主每小时的每小时14.00美元。而且，旧金山的最低工资每小时为16.32美元。如果您的员工在旧金山工作，您必须每小时至少支付16.32美元，因为它高于联邦和国家最低工资。
If your employees can receive tips, the FLSA may allow you to take a tip credit. A tip credit lets you pay tipped employees a lower wage than the federal minimum wage. But, the employee’s wages plus tips must be at least the minimum wage amount.
2. Overtime
当员工在工作周中工作超过40个小时时，他们可能有权获得加班工资。加班费是定期每小时率的一倍半。对于每小时的合格员工在40多小时内工作，您必须将他们的每小时率乘以1.5。
The FLSAovertime pay lawsrequire that you provide overtime wages to your employees unless they are exempt. Exempt employees are those who earn at least $35,568 per year or $684 per week; earn a salary; and have executive, administrative, or professional job duties.
让我们说出一个非豁免员工每周工作45小时，收到10美元的每小时支付。对于40次额外的时间，您必须向员工支付每小时15美元的加班费率。员工的加班费总额为75美元（15 x 5）。添加员工的常规（10 x 40美元）和加班工资（75美元），以获得475美元的总费用。
3.工作时间
What is compensable time? Are you supposed to pay employees when they’re on breaks or on call? The Fair Labor Standards Act has the answers to these types of questions.
使用FLSA hours worked确定员工工作时的规则。这样，您可以支付正确的工作时间。
Determining which work activities count toward hours worked can be difficult. You might need to pay employees for the following work activities:
- Waiting time
- 呼叫时间
- 休息和罚款
- Sleeping time
- Lectures, meetings, and training programs
- 旅行时间
您的州可能会设定更多限制性规则，因此请与您的州政府联系更多信息。
4.记录保留
The FLSA sets recordkeeping rules, including what kinds of records you must keep, how long you need to store them for, andFLSA计时要求。
Under the FLSA, you are required to maintain the following records:
- 员工的名称和社会安全号码
- 完整地址
- Birth date
- Sex and occupation
- 工作周开始时的时间和日子
- Hours worked each day
- Total hours worked each week
- 员工是如何支付(例如,每小时,每星期吗, salary)
- Hourly pay rate
- Total daily or weekly straight-time earnings
- Overtime earnings each week
- 工资单deductions from or additions to wages
- Total wages paid each pay period
- Date of payment and pay period covered by the payment
According to the FLSA, you must keep records like timecards, wage deduction amounts, and work schedules for two years. And, store other employee-related records, such as payroll records, for at least three years.
You can use any method you want to track your employees’ time. However, make sure your timekeeping is complete, consistent, and accurate.
5.童工
Child labor laws protect minors who are under 18 years old. This part of the FLSA ensures that businesses cannot jeopardize a minor’s health, education, or general well-being.
根据童工法律，您无法雇用未成年人以工作危险的工作。根据他们的年龄，未成年人只能拥有某些非危险的工作或责任。例如，青少年14岁和15岁可以准备食物，但他们不能进行烘焙活动。而且，他们的烹饪任务是有限的。有关青少年可以拥有的工作和职责的更多信息，请访问DOL的网站。
童工法律也限制了未成年人可以工作的每天和周的小时数。鼓励未成年人留在学校，14名和15岁的孩子只能在下期工作：
- 一天3个小时
- 在一周18个小时
- 8 hours on a non-school day
- 在一个非学校的一周40个小时
- Between 7 a.m. and 7 p.m. (Labor Day-May 31), or between 7 a.m. and 9 p.m. (June 1-Labor Day)
您的州可能比联邦规定更严格的童工法律。在招聘未成年人之前，您必须通过咨询您的州立劳工部门进行尽职调查。并且，从雇用之前，收集正常的文件，比如工作许可证。
遵守FLSA：劳动法海报
You must hang labor law posters around your business. Labor law posters are federal and state notices that describe employee rights.
联邦劳动法海报解释了FLSA法规。本海报列出了包括联邦最低工资，加班费规则，童工法律和联邦员工的联邦最低工资的规定。
You are required to hang the federal labor law poster in English. You can hang up non-English posters in addition to the English copy. Make sure employees can see and read the sign.
根据您的状态，您可能需要挂起两者联邦和州劳工法海报。Contact your国家劳工处了解您的张贴要求。
Consequences of FLSA violations
As stated, failing to comply with FLSA regulations will result in penalties for your business. The FLSA sets maximum penalties for each type of violation and assigns fines on a case-by-case basis.
每件套Department of Labor, the maximum penalty for repeatedly or willfully violating FLSA minimum wage and overtime laws is $2,074, per employee.
The maximum penalty for violating child labor standards is $13,227; $60,115 if the violation causes serious injury or death of a minor; or $120,230 for willful or repeated violations that cause serious injury or death to the minor.
通过设定公平工资，跟踪员工时间，监测加班，正确归类员工，避免违规，以豁免或非豁免，以及童工法律。
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本文已从2015年12月7日的原始出版日期更新。